Background: 8 years of war undoubtedly have made different opportunity to research and study and recording its scientific effects is done by researchers. Family is an important factor of society and to gain a safe society is only available by having good communication between family members.Purpose: regarding to war problems and effects of its pressure on communication patterns of family specially SPOUSES, the purpose of this research is comparison between communication patterns of DEVOTEE SPOUSES and normal person’s SPOUSES.Materials and methods: the method of research is casual-comparative. Research sample is 300 person (150 DEVOTEE spouse and 150 normal spouse) and were selected by systematic random sampling to collect data by the communication pattern questionnaire (CPQ) and demographic characteristics.Results: data are analyzed by Manova and T test. Analyzing the data showed that there is a significant difference between the communication patterns (mutual constructive, mutual avoidance and demand/ withdraw) of DEVOTEE SPOUSES and normal person’s SPOUSES (p<0.0001).Conclusion: from this point that DEVOTEE SPOUSES are faced by pressure of different problems, their communication statue is also influenced by these conditions. Findings this research show that DEVOTEE SPOUSES use mutual constructive communication pattern less than normal SPOUSES And use mutual avoidance and demand/ withdraw communication patterns more than normal SPOUSES.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using portulaca oleracea as a source of plant antioxidants for feeding fattening male lambs, on carcass traits, meat quality, and oxidative stability. Twenty-one male lambs with an average weight of 24±1.5 kg and 150±15 days old were fed with one of the experimental rations included a diet without portulaca oleracea as control, a diet containing 7.5%, and a diet containing 15% portulaca oleracea, for 84 days. The muscle (Longissimus dorsi) samplewas used to determine pH, CHEMICAL composition, colorimetric properties, and oxidative stability of meat. Meat lipid oxidation was determined after 1, 7, and 30 days of refrigerated storage using thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The use of portulaca oleracea in diets improved meat color characteristics such as L, chroma, and Hue. The highest ash concentration and the lowest meat moisture were observed in the treatment of 15% portulaca oleracea (P<0.05). Meat pH was the lowest in the first hour after slaughter but did not differ at 24 h. Compared to the control, in both treatment groups feeding the lambs with portulaca significantly reduced the concentration of Malondialdehyde in the meat of the lambs and increased the meat oxidative stability (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that feeding portulaca oleracea by improving properties such as color and increasing the meat oxidative stability improves meat quality, which may have lead to an increase in its nutritional value in terms of human health.

To investigate the response of corn to combined application of CHEMICAL fertilizers with rhizobacteria plant growth promoting, an experiment was conducted in 2017 at Research farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus of Tehran University, Karaj, Iran, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Four nutritional treatments including T1 (Control treatment without applying fertilizer), T2 (Just PGPRs), T3 (Use CHEMICAL fertilizers based on soil test) and T4 (T3 + PGPRs) were considered. According to the results, the highest total dry weight (3.9 kg/m2), crop growth rate (79.8 g.m-2.day-1), net assimilation rate (15.3 g.m-2.day-1) and grain yield (18.2 ton.ha-1) were observed in T4 treatment and T2 treatment produced the highest  leaf area index (5.3), leaf area duration (205.2) and specific leaf weight (78.5 g.m-2) . Also, the lowest value of all traits was observed in in T1 (control) treatment. The results showed that the presence of rhizobacteria plant growth promotioninduction in the corn nutrition program increased the growth and growth indices of the plant. Combined application of CHEMICAL fertilizers with rhizobacteria plant growth promoting resulted in the highest growth and final grain yield of corn.

Background: Agents of CHEMICAL war specially sulfur mustard and their pulmonary complications of CHEMICAL DEVOTEEs, creating very worries for family specially SPOUSES and have had negative impact on wellbeing and quality of life's spouse of caregiver and CHEMICAL DEVOTEE. S0, carry out of studies related to SPOUSES of CHEMICAL DEVOTEEs for maintaining and improving for quality of life's them, seem be necessary.Objective: This study carried out to determine relationship between quality of life and some of individual's characteristics in SPOUSES of CHEMICAL DEVOTEEs involved with pulmonary complications of sulfur mustard in Tehran (2006).Materials & Methods: The study is a descriptive–analytic research that were selected 100 SPOUSES of CHEMICAL DEVOTEE is restricted by 20-60 years with mean of age in 36/81 years by sampling randomly. The instruments of data collection were included: Demographic, standard scale of caregiver quality of life (created by Ferrell & Grant) questionnaires for assessment of domains in quality of life (Physical, Psychological, Family-Social-Financial), That carried out to way of interviewing and complement of self report form in workshop, their houses and DEVOTEEs foundation centers.Results: The finding of descriptive statistical was shown that less than one third (19%) of samples in domains of physical, zero percent in domain of psychological and 49% in domain of social have had score quality of life. So, statistical tests (Fisher & chi-squared) were shown an inverse correlation between the educational level (p<0.02) and percent of DEVOTEE (p<0.04) with their score of quality of life. Also, a direct correlation and positive impact of correlation was observed between job and quality of life of samples (p<0.01). Conclusion: According to the upper finding, the research hypothesis, that there is a correlation between quality of life's SPOUSES of CHEMICAL DEVOTEEs with some of individual's characteristics, related to educational level, percent of DEVOTEE and job situation job was confirmed, but disproval with other's individual characteristics.

Purpose: This study compares self-esteem and psychological well-being in groups and individual athlete veterans and non athletes of Bushehr. Method and Materials: From 2242 over 25% Veterans of Bushehr Province, 327 subjects were randomly selected in three groups, group athlete veterans (109 persons), individual athlete veterans (109 persons) and nonathletic veterans (109). Cooper smith Self Esteem questionnaire and Deccan psychological well-being were completed by them. Results: One-way analysis of variance indicated that there was significant difference between three groups in self-esteem and well-being. Results of Tokay test showed that both groups of athlete veterans had significantly higher scores in studied variables. Conclusion: athlete veterans comparing to nonathletic veterans has higher self-esteem and well-being

Background and Objective: Agents of CHEMICAL war, especially sulfur mustard and their pulmonary complications in CHEMICAL DEVOTEEs creates worries for their family (spouse) and have negative impact on well-being and quality of life for CHEMICAL DEVOTEE and their care-givers. But, coping skills can be implemented for maintaining and improving their QOL. Thus, conductance of studies related to use of coping skills and maintaining and improving of QOL for this damaged group seems necessary.This study was carried out to determine relationship between QOL and coping skills in SPOUSES of CHEMICAL DEVOTEEs involved with pulmonary complications due to sulfur mustard in Tehran (2006).Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytic research on100 SPOUSES of CHEMICAL DEVOTEE in an age range of 20-60years with a mean age of 36.81years by random sampling. The instruments of data collection were demographic and standard scale of care-giver's QOL. (Ferrell and Grant) and scale of coping skills (eight domains of Jallowice questionnaires) that carried out for interviewing and self report form in workshop, at their homes and DEVOTEEs foundation centers.Results: The finding of descriptive statistics showed that good scores for QOL in physical, psychological and social domains are 19%, 0% and 49% respectively. Statistical tests of Fisher & chi-squared showed a correlation between the educational level (p=2%), DEVOTEE percentage (p=4%) and job (p=0.01) with their score QOL. Also, 76%of the scores were moderate for coping methods (whole) in participants and the remaining has the same score (12%). Statistical tests of Fisher & chi-square did not show any correlation between the coping skills and QOL with individual characteristics (p>0.05).Conclusion: According to those findings, there was not a correlation between QOL of SPOUSES of CHEMICAL DEVOTEEs and their coping skills.

Background and Objective: Iraq-Iran war has been negatively affected the victims and their family members' quality of life. Especially the victims' SPOUSES who provide care and give assistance to them who suffer from different difficulties due to living with persons with disability. The aim of this study was to assess health related quality of life in CHEMICAL warfare victims with ophthalmic damage' SPOUSES.Materials & Methods: A group consisting of 149 female was surveyed. The 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) questioner was used to measure quality of life. Demographic data was collected using another questionnaire. Results: the average of the CHEMICAL warfare victims with ophthalmic damage' SPOUSES were 40.9±8.48. The highest and lowest mean scores in the study population were found for physical functioning (66.5±23.29) and body pain(45.78±23.70) respectively. The qualities of life of the SPOUSES were significantly lower than Iranian female normal population (p<0.05). Unemployment other injuries in survivors were significantly accompanied with poorer health related quality of life in the SPOUSES.Conclusion: The SPOUSES' quality of life is negatively affected by the victims' CHEMICAL injuries. To orient the services regarding to long-term effects of CHEMICAL warfare injuries can improve the quality of life in this group. To provide better social support for the victims' SPOUSES -as their main caregivers- can improve both the victims' and their SPOUSES' quality of life.

The people of spiritual knowledge, in all over the history of Islamic mysticism emphasized on the need for a DEVOTEE for a disciple who wants to pass the way of spiritual journey. To asset this claim, they, sometimes, have appealed to Quranic verses, prophetic traditions, and prophet custom, and sometimes, according to intellectual principle obligated that the disciple have to follow the people of full knowing. For this reason they say that following a master and full knowing person may make the journey speedy and save him from deviations. Taking to attention these tow principles, we can examine the arguments mentioned above for need of a DEVOTEE in passing the way of spiritual journey. So, we can say that (a) there are two kinds of DEVOTEEs or masters: special master, and general,(b) mystics, also, say that there are differences between wayfarer who want to pass the way of spiritual journey: some of them are just in the begging, and some of them are in the developed degrees. In accord with these principles we might say that following to special master, e. g. innocent leader, is necessary for every degrees of passing the way of spiritual journey, but in developed degree of journey it is necessary that wayfarers must follow a master who is qualified in accord with sacred law, although the beginning of spiritual journey is not bounded to following of so full master anyway.

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works